Most algae need sunlight to grow. But scientists have genetically engineered a type of algae called Phaeodactylum tricornutum to grow even without sunlight. This is great because it means that we can grow algae in places where there is no sunlight, like indoors or in cities.

Growing algae without sunlight can also change the thermal energy market. Thermal energy is energy that comes from heat. Right now, most thermal energy comes from burning fossil fuels. But algae can also be used to produce thermal energy. When algae grow, they release heat. This heat can be used to power homes and businesses.

So, genetically engineering algae to grow without sunlight is a big deal. It means that we can grow algae in more places and use it to produce thermal energy in a more sustainable way.

Here are some specific examples of how this could be used:

• We could grow algae in indoor vertical farms, which would take up less space and be more efficient than traditional farms.
• We could grow algae in cities, where there is often not enough sunlight. This would help to reduce air pollution and improve the environment.
• We could grow algae in geothermal systems, optimizing both the algae production as well as the thermal energy
• We could use algae to produce thermal energy in areas that are not connected to the electrical grid. This would provide reliable and affordable energy to people in rural areas.